吸光光度法（紫外/可见光谱）讲座（8）
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">吸光光度法（紫外</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可见光谱）讲座（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）<FONT face=Arial><BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">――</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">应用吸光光度法测定配合物的组成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4 </SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">斜率比法</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">它是利用两条直线的斜率之比来测定配合物的组成。主要用来测定离解度小的配合物。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">如果溶液中只存在下述反应：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">aM</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">bR</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">＝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">M<SUB>a</SUB>R<SUB>b</SUB><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">先固定</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">R</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的浓度，并保证过量，加入少量不同浓度的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">M</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">，则配合物</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">M<SUB>a</SUB>R<SUB>b</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的平衡浓度与加入溶液中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">M</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的浓度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">c<SUB>M</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">成正比：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">[M<SUB>a</SUB>R<SUB>b</SUB>]</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">＝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">c<SUB>M</SUB> / a<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">＝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ε</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">l</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">[M<SUB>a</SUB>R<SUB>b</SUB>]</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">＝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ε</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">l </SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">c<SUB>M</SUB> / a<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">C<SUB>M</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">作图，就得到一条斜率为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">S<SUB>1</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的直线：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">S<SUB>1</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">＝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ε</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">l</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> / a<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">同理，如果保持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">M</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">大量过剩并固定浓度，改变</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">R</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的浓度，则得到一条斜率为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">S<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的直线：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 144pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 12.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">S<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">＝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ε</SPAN><SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">l</SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> / b<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 72pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 6.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">S<SUB>2 </SUB>/ S<SUB>1</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">＝（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ε</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">l / b</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ε</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">l</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> / a</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）＝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">a / b<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1-34</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">因此，两直线斜率之比，就是配合物的组成比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">a / b</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">。</SPAN>
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