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阳光 发表于 2004-3-28 00:00

吸光光度法(紫外/可见光谱)讲座(12)

       
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">――提高吸光光度法灵敏度和选择性的某些途径</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">        <o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3 </SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">导数吸光光度法</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">在普通吸光光度法中,如果吸光度很小,就不能得到精度很好的信号。如果其他组分的吸收重叠在吸收峰上,测定就会受干扰。导数吸光光度法有可能克服这些困难。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">其原理是因为吸光度和摩尔吸光系数为波长的函数,所以朗伯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">比尔定律可以用下式表示:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">A</SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">λ</SPAN></SUB><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">=</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ε<SUB>λ</SUB></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">cl<o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">将上式对波长进行一次微分,得</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: -0.6pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt">&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /&gt;<?xml:namespace prefix = v /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"></v:path><o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"></o:lock></v:shapetype></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^"></SPAN>       


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">若对波长进行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">n</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">次微分,可得</SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p><IMG height=55 src="http://www.instrument.com.cn/images/Article/2910.jpg" width=126></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 183.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 17.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.8pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LETTER-SPACING: -0.6pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                                                 </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 style="WIDTH: 90.75pt; HEIGHT: 33pt" o:ole="" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:/WINDOWS/TEMP/msoclip1/04/clip_image003.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                                                                                                                                                        </SPAN></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">由此可知,吸光度对波长进行微分的微分值与吸收物质的浓度之间符合朗伯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">比尔定律,因此它可以用于吸收物质的定量分析。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">获得微分光谱的方法可分为光学微分法和电学微分法两类,后者已在多种类型的微机控制分光光度计中得到了应用,它通常可以获得一、二、三、四阶导数光谱。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">导数光谱的测量有多种方法:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">)如果基线是平坦的,可以测量峰</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">谷之间的距离,这是最常用的方法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">)在基线平坦的情况下,也可以测量峰</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">基线之间的距离,这时灵敏度虽有些降低,但精度较高。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">)作两峰的连接线,测量两峰连线到谷的距离。只要基线是直线,不管它是否倾斜,总能得到正确的值。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">)作峰顶与谷顶的切线,使其平行于基线,然后测量两平行线的距离。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">关于导数吸光光度法提高灵敏度的规律,有人指出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">n</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">阶(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">n</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">=</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">)导数吸光光度法的灵敏度是按</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">4.5n</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">倍增大。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>



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