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阳光 发表于 2004-3-28 00:00

吸光光度法(紫外/可见光谱)讲座(15)

       
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">――提高吸光光度法灵敏度和选择性的某些途径</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">        <o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">6 </SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">长光路毛细吸收管吸光光度法</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">根据朗伯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">比耳定律,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">=</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ε</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">bc</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">,当浓度不变而增大</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">b</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">时,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">增大。换言之,可以通过延长吸收光程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">b</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">来降低待测吸光物质的浓度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">c</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">,从而提高光度法的测定灵敏度。近年来,提出了</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">全反射型长光路毛细吸收管吸光光度法。该法使用长至数十米的毛细管吸收池(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Long Capillary Cell</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">,简称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">),可以高灵敏度地测定溶液极其微弱的吸收。已有的报导表明,它已能顺利地测定水中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">pg</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">g</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">级的磷和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">ng</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">g</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">级的氟,使光度法测定铜、汞的灵敏度提高了三个数量级。用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">50m</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">长的毛细管液芯光纤系统,可使</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Hg</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">I</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Cu</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">P</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">等元素的测定灵敏度达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">0.02pg</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">/</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">g</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的管型而言,已从最初较短的“直线型”、“弧型”和“圈型”,发展到较长的“螺旋型”和“光导纤维型”(图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1-6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">)。例如,用内径为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">lmm</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">,长</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">10m</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的螺旋型耐热玻璃管作吸收池,或者用内径为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">250</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">μ</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">m</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">,长</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">25m</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">50m</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的硅树脂涂覆的毛细纤维管作吸收池,后者称为“光导纤维型”吸收管。因此又称为液芯光纤长光路</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">吸光</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">光度法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><IMG height=149 src="http://www.instrument.com.cn/images/Article/2944.jpg" width=461></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">        <o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">6 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">长光路毛细吸收管</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Figure 6 Long light path capillary absorption tube</SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>       


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">从光在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">中的传输方式而言,已有的研究认为,大致可设想为图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1-7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">所示的两种形式:镜面反射和全反射。当光的传输介质满足全反射条件时,光主要以螺旋光线的形式通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">;当反射率不是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">100</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">%,则光按镜面反射方式传输,此时入射光主要以较少的反射次数在同一平面内,按子午光线的形式通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">管。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">        </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">        <o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">        <IMG height=131 src="http://www.instrument.com.cn/images/Article/2945.jpg" width=441></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">        <o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">7 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">长光路毛细吸收管中的反射光路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Figure 7 Reflection light path in long light path capillary absorption tube</SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>       


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">按</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Snell</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的折射定律</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 60pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 5.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Sin</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">90</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">°-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">θ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">)≥</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> n<SUB>2</SUB> / n<SUB>1</SUB><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">                                                                                                                                                                         </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1-39</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">式中</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">θ</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">为入射角,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">n<SUB>1</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">为溶剂折射率,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">n<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">材料的折射率。只有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">n<SUB>1</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">n<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">,即只有使用折射率大于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">材料折射率的液体做溶剂,才能在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">中实现全反射。例如,常用作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">材料的石英玻璃和耐热(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Pyrex</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">)玻璃,在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">℃时对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">589.3nm</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">光的折射率分别为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1.459</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1.474</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">。相同条件下,水的折射率为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1.333</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">,苯和二硫化碳的折射率分别为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1.501</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1.627</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">。显色反应以水为溶剂时,入射光在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">中主要以镜面反射方式传输。为了满足全反射的条件,必须把显色物质转入(如萃取)到高折射率的溶剂中。用于全反射的溶剂可以是单一溶剂,亦可以是混合溶剂(称为混折射溶剂)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">已有的研究表明,即使在镜面反射(如水作溶剂)的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">中,灵敏度(吸光度)增加的倍率亦明显大于吸收管增长的倍率。例如,磷钼蓝法测磷,用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1m</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">比用通常</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">1cm</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">吸收皿灵敏度增加约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">300</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">倍而不是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">100</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">倍。这主要是由于吸收管壁的反射,增加了有效的吸收光程长度。在全反射条件下,由于高折射率的溶剂使入射光多重反射,进一步增大了有效的吸收光程长度,从而吸光度增加的倍率又明显高于镜面反射时的倍离,大约增至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">700</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">倍。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">由于随溶液浓度的增加,吸收增加,反射率下降,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">内反射光的光路长减小。因此,吸光度增加的倍率随溶液浓度的增大而减少,从而使</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">LCC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">的工作曲线曲率加大,偏离</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">朗伯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">比尔</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">定律。所以,长光路毛细吸收管吸光光度法与普通吸光光度法不同,其工作曲线不是直线。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">综上所述,全反射长光路毛细吸收管法可以高灵敏度地测定溶液中极其微弱的吸收,大大提高了光度法的灵敏度。虽然目前它的研究和应用还不够深入和广泛,其理论研究尚不成熟,但毋容置疑它是一种有发展前途的超微量分析法。</SPAN>



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