鼠药中毒检验方法―2含氟杀鼠药的理化性质
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">含氟杀鼠药有无机和有机两类，均为剧毒化合物，有机含氟杀鼠药是一些小分子量的酸、酰胺、醇等化合物的氟取代物；无机含氟杀鼠药，是一些水溶性的或易于分解出水溶性氟化物的无机化合物。本节以杀鼠药氟乙酰胺为主线介绍检验方法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">氟乙酰胺、氟乙酸、氟乙酸钠、甘氟均属常见有机含氟杀鼠药，氟乙酰胺、甘氟中毒后在体内多被代谢为氟乙酸，直接用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">GC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">分析氟乙酸不仅灵敏度不理想，而且体内的氨基酸等还有干扰，如对氟乙酰胺结构中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">-NH<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">-OH</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">基团中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">H</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">进行衍生化，然后再用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">GC-ECD</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">GC-NPD</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">进行分析，或直接浸提离心后用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">NMR</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">进行分析，能得到较满意的结果。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">氟化钠和氟硅酸钠属无机含氟杀鼠药</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">民间传统仍沿用来杀鼠，同时也用于杀虫和防腐</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^"><FONT size=3>。</FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 6pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">一、理化性质</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><?xml:namespace prefix = v /><v:line id=_x0000_s1027 style="Z-INDEX: 2; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="414pt,15.7pt" from="0,15.7pt"></v:line><v:line id=_x0000_s1026 style="Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="414pt,15.7pt" from="9pt,15.7pt"></v:line><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">表 <SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>有机含氟杀鼠药的理化性质<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">项目</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">氟乙酰胺</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">氟乙酸钠</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">氟乙酸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">甘氟</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><v:line id=_x0000_s1028 style="Z-INDEX: 3; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="414pt,3.9pt" from="0,3.9pt"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:line><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">英文名</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Compound 1081<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Compound 1080<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>fluoroacetate acid<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Gliftor</SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>fluoroacetamide<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Sodium fluoroacetate</FONT></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:wrapblock><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_s1031 style="MARGIN-TOP: 21.25pt; Z-INDEX: 6; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 131pt; WIDTH: 65.25pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 27.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" o:allowincell="f" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/WINDOWS/TEMP/msoclip1/01/clip_image004.emz"></v:imagedata><?xml:namespace prefix = w ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" /><w:wrap type="topAndBottom"></w:wrap></FONT></v:shape><v:shape id=_x0000_s1033 style="MARGIN-TOP: 19.25pt; Z-INDEX: 8; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 306pt; WIDTH: 77.25pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" o:allowincell="f" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/WINDOWS/TEMP/msoclip1/01/clip_image005.emz"></v:imagedata><w:wrap type="topAndBottom"></w:wrap></FONT></v:shape><v:shape id=_x0000_s1032 style="MARGIN-TOP: 22.25pt; Z-INDEX: 7; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 221pt; WIDTH: 61.5pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 27.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" o:allowincell="f" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/WINDOWS/TEMP/msoclip1/01/clip_image006.emz"></v:imagedata><w:wrap type="topAndBottom"></w:wrap></FONT></v:shape></o:wrapblock><BR style="mso-ignore: vglayout" clear=all><v:shape id=_x0000_s1030 style="MARGIN-TOP: 21.25pt; Z-INDEX: 5; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 40pt; WIDTH: 62.25pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 27.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" o:allowincell="f" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/WINDOWS/TEMP/msoclip1/01/clip_image010.emz"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape><FONT face=宋体 size=3></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:wrapblock><v:shape id=_x0000_s1034 style="MARGIN-TOP: 33.65pt; Z-INDEX: 9; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 300pt; WIDTH: 84pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 28.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" o:allowincell="f" type="#_x0000_t75"><FONT size=3><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/WINDOWS/TEMP/msoclip1/01/clip_image012.emz"></v:imagedata><w:wrap type="topAndBottom"></w:wrap></FONT></v:shape></o:wrapblock><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">分子式：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>FCH<SUB>2</SUB>CONH<SUB>2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SUB>FCH<SUB>2</SUB>COONa<SUB> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SUB>FCH<SUB>2</SUB>COOH<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>OF(70~80%)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">；</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>OFCl(20~30%)</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">分子量：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>77.08<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>100.0<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>78.0<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>96</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>112.5</SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.25pt 0pt 0cm"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">性状：</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">白色结晶粉末</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">白色粉末</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">无色液体有机酸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">无色或微黄色透</SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.25pt 0pt 0cm"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^"> 明油状液体</SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.25pt 0pt 0cm"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">溶解性：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">水中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">易溶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">易溶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">易溶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">易溶</SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">醇类</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">易溶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">微溶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">能溶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">易溶</SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">丙酮</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">易溶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">微溶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">能溶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">能溶</SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">毒性：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>LD<SUB>50</SUB> </SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">大鼠经口</SPAN> <SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></SUB><SPAN lang=EN-US>13mg/kg<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SUB><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SUB>0.22mg/kg <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>0.22mg/kg <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>30mg/kg<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><v:line id=_x0000_s1029 style="Z-INDEX: 4; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left" to="396pt,2.7pt" from="-9pt,2.7pt" o:allowincell="f"><FONT size=3></FONT></v:line><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">氟乙酰胺又叫敌蚜胺、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1081</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">。纯品为白色针状结晶或白色粉末，无味无嗅，受热易升华，温度高于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">170</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">℃时分解，熔点为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">107~108</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">℃。易溶于水（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1:5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）、甲醇（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1:8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）、乙酸甲酯（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1:11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）、乙醇（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1:16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）、乙酸乙酯（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1:22</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）、略溶于二氯甲烷（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1:64</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）、氯仿（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1:70</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）、微溶于乙醚（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1:104</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）、苯（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1:666</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">），几乎不溶于石油醚。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">在干燥条件下比较稳定，在酸性、中性水溶液中水解为氟乙酸，在碱性水溶液中为氟乙酸钠。其反应式如下：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>FCH<SUB>2</SUB>CONH<SUB>2</SUB> + H<SUB>2</SUB>O </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> FCH<SUB>2</SUB>COOH + NH<SUB>3</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">↑</SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>FCH<SUB>2</SUB>CONH<SUB>2</SUB> + HCl </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> FCH<SUB>2</SUB>COOH + NH<SUB>4</SUB>Cl</SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>FCH<SUB>2</SUB>CONH<SUB>2</SUB> + NaOH </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">→</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> FCH<SUB>2</SUB>COONa + NH<SUB>3</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">↑</SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">氟乙酸是一种比醋酸强的有机酸，易挥发，熔点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">33~35</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">℃，沸点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">165</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">℃，能溶于水和乙醇。氟乙酸钠又叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1080</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">、氟醋酸钠，纯品为白色粉末，加热至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">200</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">℃时分解，有吸湿性，极易溶于水，微溶于丙酮、乙醇和油类。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">甘氟是两种氟丙醇的混合物，二氟丙醇（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>OF<SUB>2</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">70~80%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">，氟氯丙醇（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>OFCl</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">20~30%</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">，比重为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1.25~1.27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">，沸点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">120~132</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">℃，不易分解却较易挥发。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">氟化钠（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">NaF</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">41.99</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）为白色或淡灰色结晶或无定形粉末，无臭无味，不溶于乙醇，溶于水，水溶液略呈碱性，遇酸分解产生氟化氢。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">氟硅酸钠（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Na<SUB>2</SUB>SiF<SUB>6</SUB></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">188.1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ^Times New Roman^; mso-hansi-font-family: ^Times New Roman^">）为白色或带灰色细小结晶或结晶形粉末，无臭无味，不溶于乙醇、微溶于水，易溶于酸性溶液生成氟硅酸，加热氟硅酸分解为氟化氢和四氟化硅气体，在碱性溶液中生成氢氟酸和硅酸盐白色沉淀。</SPAN>
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